{
  "title": "OSINT source-reliability reference matrix",
  "version": "2026-09-15",
  "language": "fr-en",
  "scale": {
    "1": {"fr": "faible ou inconnu", "en": "low or unknown"},
    "2": {"fr": "limité", "en": "limited"},
    "3": {"fr": "utile avec contexte", "en": "useful with context"},
    "4": {"fr": "fort dans son périmètre", "en": "strong within scope"}
  },
  "notice": {
    "fr": "Les scores décrivent des propriétés habituelles d’un type de source, pas la fiabilité automatique de chaque document. L’origine, la date, le périmètre et la corroboration restent indispensables.",
    "en": "Scores describe typical properties of a source type, not the automatic reliability of every document. Origin, date, scope and corroboration remain essential."
  },
  "sources": [
    {"id":"official-register","category":"institutional","label":{"fr":"Registre officiel","en":"Official register"},"provenance":4,"independence":4,"freshness":3,"evidence":4,"volatility":"low","use":{"fr":"Existence, statut, dirigeants ou dépôts dans le périmètre du registre.","en":"Existence, status, officers or filings within the register’s scope."},"caution":{"fr":"Un registre reflète ses règles, sa date et les déclarations reçues ; il ne prouve pas toutes les activités réelles.","en":"A register reflects its rules, date and submitted information; it does not prove every real-world activity."}},
    {"id":"court-decision","category":"institutional","label":{"fr":"Décision de justice publiée","en":"Published court decision"},"provenance":4,"independence":4,"freshness":3,"evidence":4,"volatility":"low","use":{"fr":"Établir une décision, une procédure et son issue publiée.","en":"Establish a decision, proceeding and published outcome."},"caution":{"fr":"Vérifier juridiction, date, voies de recours, anonymisation et portée exacte.","en":"Check jurisdiction, date, appeal status, anonymisation and exact scope."}},
    {"id":"public-authority-release","category":"institutional","label":{"fr":"Publication d’une autorité publique","en":"Public-authority publication"},"provenance":4,"independence":3,"freshness":4,"evidence":4,"volatility":"low","use":{"fr":"Position officielle, alerte, statistique ou instruction dans un champ défini.","en":"Official position, alert, statistic or instruction within a defined field."},"caution":{"fr":"Distinguer donnée observée, communication institutionnelle et recommandation.","en":"Separate observed data, institutional communication and recommendation."}},
    {"id":"company-filing","category":"first-party","label":{"fr":"Dépôt ou rapport d’entreprise","en":"Company filing or report"},"provenance":4,"independence":2,"freshness":3,"evidence":3,"volatility":"low","use":{"fr":"Déclarations, comptes, gouvernance et événements publiés par l’entité.","en":"Statements, accounts, governance and events published by the entity."},"caution":{"fr":"Source primaire sur la déclaration, mais intéressée quant à son interprétation.","en":"Primary evidence of the statement, but interested in its interpretation."}},
    {"id":"official-website","category":"first-party","label":{"fr":"Site ou compte officiel","en":"Official site or account"},"provenance":3,"independence":2,"freshness":4,"evidence":3,"volatility":"medium","use":{"fr":"Canaux déclarés, offres, prises de position et informations opérationnelles.","en":"Declared channels, offers, positions and operational information."},"caution":{"fr":"Vérifier l’authenticité du domaine ou du compte et conserver la version datée.","en":"Verify the domain or account and preserve the dated version."}},
    {"id":"original-document","category":"first-party","label":{"fr":"Document original identifiable","en":"Identifiable original document"},"provenance":4,"independence":2,"freshness":3,"evidence":4,"volatility":"low","use":{"fr":"Prouver le contenu d’une déclaration ou d’un acte à un instant donné.","en":"Establish the content of a statement or act at a given time."},"caution":{"fr":"Authentifier l’émetteur, l’intégrité, la version et le contexte de production.","en":"Authenticate issuer, integrity, version and production context."}},
    {"id":"reputable-media","category":"editorial","label":{"fr":"Média identifiable avec processus éditorial","en":"Identifiable media with editorial process"},"provenance":3,"independence":3,"freshness":4,"evidence":3,"volatility":"medium","use":{"fr":"Contexte, témoignages, chronologie et enquête attribuée.","en":"Context, attributed testimony, chronology and reporting."},"caution":{"fr":"Revenir aux sources citées et distinguer reportage, tribune, dépêche et correction.","en":"Return to cited sources and distinguish reporting, opinion, wire copy and correction."}},
    {"id":"specialist-publication","category":"editorial","label":{"fr":"Publication spécialisée","en":"Specialist publication"},"provenance":3,"independence":3,"freshness":3,"evidence":3,"volatility":"medium","use":{"fr":"Contexte technique ou sectoriel et interprétation experte.","en":"Technical or sector context and expert interpretation."},"caution":{"fr":"Vérifier compétence, méthode, financement et proximité avec le sujet.","en":"Check expertise, method, funding and proximity to the subject."}},
    {"id":"academic-paper","category":"research","label":{"fr":"Article scientifique ou étude méthodée","en":"Scientific paper or methodical study"},"provenance":4,"independence":3,"freshness":2,"evidence":4,"volatility":"low","use":{"fr":"Méthode, limites, résultats et état des connaissances sur une question définie.","en":"Method, limitations, findings and state of knowledge for a defined question."},"caution":{"fr":"Contrôler relecture, échantillon, réplication, date et adéquation au cas étudié.","en":"Check review status, sample, replication, date and fit to the case."}},
    {"id":"web-archive","category":"archive","label":{"fr":"Archive du web","en":"Web archive"},"provenance":3,"independence":4,"freshness":2,"evidence":3,"volatility":"low","use":{"fr":"Montrer qu’une page ou version était archivée à une date donnée.","en":"Show that a page or version was archived at a given date."},"caution":{"fr":"L’archive peut être partielle et ne prouve pas l’auteur, l’intention ou toutes les ressources chargées.","en":"An archive may be incomplete and does not prove author, intent or every loaded resource."}},
    {"id":"domain-certificate-history","category":"technical","label":{"fr":"Historique de domaine ou certificat","en":"Domain or certificate history"},"provenance":3,"independence":4,"freshness":4,"evidence":3,"volatility":"medium","use":{"fr":"Dates, relations techniques et changements visibles d’une infrastructure publique.","en":"Dates, technical relationships and visible changes in public infrastructure."},"caution":{"fr":"Une relation technique ne prouve ni propriété commune ni intention commune.","en":"A technical relationship proves neither common ownership nor common intent."}},
    {"id":"dataset-api","category":"technical","label":{"fr":"Jeu de données ou API documentée","en":"Documented dataset or API"},"provenance":4,"independence":3,"freshness":4,"evidence":4,"volatility":"medium","use":{"fr":"Comparer des observations structurées avec méthode, date et variables explicites.","en":"Compare structured observations with explicit method, date and variables."},"caution":{"fr":"Contrôler définitions, couverture, ruptures de série, licence et valeurs manquantes.","en":"Check definitions, coverage, series breaks, licence and missing values."}},
    {"id":"direct-witness","category":"human","label":{"fr":"Témoignage direct attribué","en":"Attributed direct witness"},"provenance":3,"independence":3,"freshness":4,"evidence":2,"volatility":"medium","use":{"fr":"Comprendre une observation vécue et orienter les vérifications.","en":"Understand a lived observation and guide verification."},"caution":{"fr":"La mémoire, la perception et l’intérêt du témoin nécessitent recoupement et contexte.","en":"Memory, perception and witness interest require corroboration and context."}},
    {"id":"social-post","category":"social","label":{"fr":"Publication sociale attribuée","en":"Attributed social post"},"provenance":2,"independence":2,"freshness":4,"evidence":2,"volatility":"high","use":{"fr":"Établir qu’un compte a publié un contenu visible à un instant donné.","en":"Establish that an account displayed content at a given time."},"caution":{"fr":"L’identité, l’auteur réel, le contexte et l’intégrité du compte peuvent rester incertains.","en":"Identity, actual author, context and account integrity may remain uncertain."}},
    {"id":"anonymous-claim","category":"social","label":{"fr":"Affirmation anonyme non sourcée","en":"Unsourced anonymous claim"},"provenance":1,"independence":1,"freshness":3,"evidence":1,"volatility":"high","use":{"fr":"Repérer une piste ou un récit à vérifier, sans l’utiliser comme conclusion.","en":"Identify a lead or narrative to verify, not a conclusion."},"caution":{"fr":"Ne pas attribuer, republier ou transformer en fait sans source indépendante.","en":"Do not attribute, republish or treat as fact without independent sourcing."}},
    {"id":"automated-detector","category":"tool","label":{"fr":"Score d’un détecteur automatisé","en":"Automated detector score"},"provenance":2,"independence":2,"freshness":3,"evidence":1,"volatility":"high","use":{"fr":"Orienter une analyse lorsque le modèle, la version et le domaine de validité sont connus.","en":"Guide analysis when model, version and validity domain are known."},"caution":{"fr":"Un score isolé ne prouve ni authenticité, ni manipulation, ni origine.","en":"A score alone proves neither authenticity, manipulation nor origin."}}
  ]
}